Amino acid is a general term for a class of organic compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups. The basic unit of biological functional macromolecular protein is the basic substance that constitutes the protein required for animal and plant nutrition. It is an organic compound containing a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group. α-amino acids are those whose amino group is attached to the α-carbon. The amino acids that make up proteins are α-amino acids. One of the functions on plants is to directly participate in various physiological activities of plants and the synthesis of plant endogenous hormones.
Production method of amino acid
① Acid hydrolysis
The production cost is low, the process is relatively simple, and hydrolysis treatment is carried out with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
Features
- Hydroxyl amino acids (serine, threonine) are partially decomposed during acid hydrolysis.
- During alkaline hydrolysis, arginine will be deaminated and lost, and these amino acids have specific growth-regulating effects on plants.
- Tryptophan is completely destroyed by boiling acid. Tryptophan is the precursor of plant auxin synthesis, and the loss will affect the content of plant auxin.
- Nucleotide content is low, most of which are destroyed.
- The produced amino acid contains high chloride ion content.
②Fermentation method
It can be divided into direct fermentation method and adding precursor method.
Features
- Strict requirements on fermentation strains.
- The product concentration is low, the degree of hydrolysis is difficult to control, and the production cycle is long.
③ Enzymolysis method
Compared with the acid hydrolysis method, the cost is relatively high.
Features
- Amino acid types are relatively comprehensively preserved, and the content of oligopeptides is relatively high.
- Less harmful substances, beneficial ingredients are not easy to be destroyed, and have high activity.
The function of amino acid (fertilizer)
Amino acid fertilizer is based on plant amino acid as a substrate. Using its huge surface activity and adsorption and retention capacity, when used as a fertilizer, it will add some medium and trace elements (calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, Boron, molybdenum, etc.), organic and inorganic compounds formed by chelation (complexation).
- It can not only maintain the slow release and full utilization of a large number of elements, but also ensure the stability and long-term effect of trace elements.
- Enhance plant respiration, Improve the redox process of plants and promote the good effect of plant metabolism.
- At the same time, it can also promote photosynthesis and the formation of chlorophyll, and can significantly promote and activate physiological and biochemical processes such as oxide activity, enzyme activity, seed germination, nutrient absorption, and root growth and development. Especially its affinity with plants is unmatched by any other substance.
Overall, amino acids work as follows:
- Provide basic components for protein synthesis.
- Provide high-quality nitrogen source, carbon source and energy for plants.
- Provide nutrients for rhizosphere microorganisms (saprophytic bacteria).
- Passivating various heavy metal elements, reducing their toxic and side effects, and reducing fertilizer damage. It also has a certain inhibitory effect on nitrate.
- Stress resistance: Improve crop tolerance to drought, high temperature, salt stress, etc., especially small molecular peptides (a small amount of amino acid polymers) can scavenge free radicals, resist oxidation, and resist heavy metal poisoning, and have a strong effect on repairing crop diseases.
- Complexation (chelation) of a variety of medium and trace elements, providing plants with stable chelation (complexation) mineral elements (calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, etc.), which can be quickly absorbed and utilized by plants
