Fulvic acid is the best core component of soil humus. It is a small molecular weight and fully water-soluble organic aromatic substance generated by the decomposition and decomposition of organic matter. It is the best humic acid component in the soil and the core substance that forms the soil aggregate structure.
- It contains functional groups such as carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups, which have strong complexation, chelation and surface adsorption capabilities, and can reduce the loss of ammonium nitrogen;
- Increase the moving distance of phosphorus in the soil,
- Inhibit the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus by the soil,
- Convert ineffective phosphorus into effective phosphorus,
- Promote the absorption of phosphorus by the root system;
- It can absorb and store potassium ions, and increase the content of available potassium, especially for the synergism of potassium fertilizer.
Tests have shown that fulvic acid can increase the utilization rate of N, P, and K nutrients in fertilizers by more than 20%.
1. Synergistic effect of fulvic acid on nitrogen fertilizer
The active groups are generally electron donors, which can easily form coordination compounds with many electron acceptors, called complexes or chelates. For example, fulvic acid-urea, etc., are actually complex (chelate) substances, which can reduce the loss of ammonium nitrogen in ammonium bicarbonate and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. The oxidatively degraded nitrofulvic acid can inhibit the activity of urease and reduce the volatilization of urea.
- Adding to ammonium bicarbonate can reduce the nitrogen volatilization rate of ammonium bicarbonate from 13.1% to 2.04% in 6 days. In the field test, the fertilizer effect of ammonium bicarbonate can be maintained for more than 20 days, and that of ammonium fulvic acid can reach more than 60 days.
- Adding fulvic acid, especially nitrofulvic acid, to urea can generate urea complexes, slow down the decomposition of urea, prolong the fertilizer effect, reduce the loss, increase the utilization rate of urea by 30%, and increase the aftereffect by more than 15%. The test results of nitrogen utilization rate showed that after adding fulvic acid, the utilization rate increased from 30.1% to 34.1%, and the nitrogen absorption increased by 10%.
The effect of fulvic acid combined with nitrogen on plant growth and development is very obvious. When nitrogen and fulvic acid are sufficient, plants can synthesize more protein and promote cell division and growth, so the plant leaf area grows faster and more leaf area can be used for photosynthesis. It has an obvious effect on promoting plant growth and robustness. Often after application, the leaves turn green quickly and the growth increases.
2. Synergistic effect of fulvic acid on phosphate fertilizer
The degraded nitrofulvic acid can increase the moving distance of phosphorus in the soil, inhibit the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus in the soil, convert ineffective phosphorus into available phosphorus, and promote the absorption of phosphorus by roots. Use it to protect water-soluble phosphate fertilizer or phosphorus-based compound fertilizer to reduce the fixation of phosphorus; promote the absorption of phosphorus and improve the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer.
Fertilizer efficiency tests show that adding 10-20% to general calcium, heavy calcium or ammonium phosphate can increase fertilizer efficiency by 10-20% and increase phosphorus uptake by 28-39%. The utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer was measured by radioactive phosphorus tracer test. After adding fulvic acid, the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in the current season increased from 15.4% to 19.3%, that is, the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer increased by a quarter.
Fulvic acid and phosphorus fertilizers participate in photosynthesis, respiration, energy storage and transmission, cell division, cell enlargement and other processes in plants.
3. Synergistic effect of fulvic acid on potassium fertilizer
The acidic functional group of fulvic acid can absorb and store potassium ions, reducing the amount of potassium lost with water in sandy soil and soil with strong leaching. It can prevent the fixation of potassium in cohesive soils and increase the amount of exchangeable potassium. Fulvic acid has a corrosion effect on potassium-containing minerals, slowly increases the release of potassium, and increases the content of available potassium in the soil. It can also use its biological activity to stimulate and regulate the physiological metabolic process of crops, increasing the amount of potassium absorbed by more than 30%.
The combined use of fulvic acid and potassium can promote photosynthesis, can significantly improve the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by plants, and quickly convert it into protein, and can also promote economic water use for plants.
4. Promote the absorption of micro-fertilizers and effectively solve the deficiencies
The trace elements in the fulvic acid chelation form chelate with strong mobility and easy absorption by crops, which is delivered to the deficient parts of the crops, effectively solving the deficiencies.
In addition to the large amount of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the growth and development of crops also need trace elements such as iron, boron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, and copper. Improving disease resistance, increasing yield and improving quality all have important effects.
Most of the trace elements in the soil are in an ineffective state that is difficult for plants to absorb, and the application of trace element fertilizers to the soil can also be easily fixed.
Fulvic acid and iron, zinc and other trace elements can undergo chelation reactions to form fulvic acid trace element chelates with good solubility and easy absorption by plants. Such as fulvic acid-Zn, Mn , Fe, etc., which are beneficial to the absorption of roots or leaves, and can promote the transfer of trace elements from roots to shoots.
Tests have shown that the amount of ferric fulvic acid entering the plant from the root is 32% more than that of ferrous sulfate. And the amount of movement in the leaves is twice that of ferrous sulfate, increasing the chlorophyll content by 15-45%, effectively solving the problem of leaf yellowing caused by iron deficiency.